{"id":401,"date":"2024-07-28T09:31:39","date_gmt":"2024-07-28T09:31:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/microfluidics.creative-biolabs.com\/blog\/?p=401"},"modified":"2024-08-02T08:41:35","modified_gmt":"2024-08-02T08:41:35","slug":"detection-of-h2s-and-h2o2-in-cancer-tissues-based-on-microfluidics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/microfluidics.creative-biolabs.com\/blog\/detection-of-h2s-and-h2o2-in-cancer-tissues-based-on-microfluidics\/","title":{"rendered":"Detection of H\u2082S and H\u2082O\u2082 in Cancer Tissues Based on Microfluidics"},"content":{"rendered":"

Reactive sulfur species (RSS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely related to the physiological and pathological processes of redox reactions and oxidative stress. Hydrogen sulfide (H\u2082S), a reactive sulfur species, has been linked to a variety of diseases including cancer, inflammation, hypertension, and neurodegenerative diseases. Hydrogen peroxide (H\u2082O\u2082), a reactive oxygen species, is often detected at abnormal levels in cardiovascular disease, inflammation, cancer, diabetes, and liver and kidney diseases. Notably, H\u2082O\u2082 can significantly enhance cancer therapy through its interaction with H\u2082S. Current research shows that H\u2082O\u2082 promotes the H\u2082S signaling pathway under oxidative stress conditions. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for real-time and in situ monitoring of H\u2082S and H\u2082O\u2082 interactions in biological samples to elucidate the mechanisms of disease development from the perspective of redox signaling.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Recently, researchers have proposed a fully integrated electrochemical sensor based on microfluidics for real-time dynamic monitoring of H\u2082S and H\u2082O\u2082 secreted by various biological samples. A recent study, published in the journal Biosensors and Bioelectronics under the title “Bimetal\u2212organic framework-integrated electrochemical sensor for on-chip detection of H\u2082S and H\u2082O\u2082 in cancer tissues,” describes this innovative approach. The research team clinically validated the RuCu-HHTP sensing platform by locally detecting the secretion of H\u2082S and H\u2082O\u2082 in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and tissues. They also evaluated the chemotherapy sensitivity of these cancer tissues, which aids in the early diagnosis of diseases related to H\u2082S and H\u2082O\u2082, the assessment of tumor progression and prognosis, and ultimately improves the predictive ability of precision medicine.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the preparation process of the RuCu-HHTP\/GF microelectrode and the electrochemical sensor integrated multi-channel microfluidic chip for detecting biomolecule-induced signals in tumor cells and tissues.<\/span><\/p>\n

The research team confirmed the insertion of Ru ions into the Cu-HHTP framework using inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. Compared with CF, RuCu-HHTP\/CF exhibits a wider pore size distribution, an open porous interconnected structure, and a larger surface area, all of which enhance molecular diffusion during electrochemical redox reactions. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests revealed that RuCu-HHTP\/CF not only has excellent reaction rates and kinetics but also demonstrates the lowest charge transfer resistance and superior electrochemical performance. At the same time, the unique microstructure of RuCu-HHTP has a pre-concentration effect, significantly enhancing electron transfer behavior in H\u2082S redox dynamics. Both the oxidation and reduction current signals increased significantly with H\u2082S concentration in a concentration-dependent manner (Figure 2A, 2B). Moreover, RuCu-HHTP\/CF microelectrodes show high interference immunity to common biological and physiological substances (Figure 2C, 2D). The sensor demonstrates good reliability (Figure 2E) and excellent long-term stability (Figure 2F).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"Figure 2. Current-time response of the RuCu-HHTP\/CF microelectrode when different ratios of (A) H\u2082S and (B) H\u2082O\u2082 were injected into 0.1 M PBS; the relative response to RuCu-HHTP\/CF to these interferences (1 mM) is equal to the response of the target analytes (C) H\u2082S and (D) H\u2082O\u2082; (E) Repeatability and (F) long-term stability of the RuCu-HHTP\/CF sensor for detecting H\u2082S and H\u2082O\u2082.<\/span><\/p>\n

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The electrochemical microfluidic chip, integrated with RuCu-HHTP\/CF microelectrodes, consists of three layers, including a PET substrate, a microfluidic channel patterned on a PDMS substrate, and a PET cover (Figure 3A). The custom chip uses a three-electrode system, where the RuCu-HHTP\/CF microelectrode serves as the WE, and the Pt and Ag\/AgCl electrodes serve as the CE and RE, respectively. It connects to a reusable electrochemical workstation to establish an electrochemical microfluidic monitoring system to achieve multi-channel electrochemical measurements, signal processing, and wireless transmission (Figures 3B, 3C).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"Figure 3. (A) Schematic diagram of the microfluidic device structure based on the three-electrode system; (B) System-level block diagram of the electronic system; (C) Photograph of the proposed fully integrated electrochemical microfluidic sensing system.<\/span><\/p>\n

The research team used the fluorescence double staining method to evaluate the biocompatibility of RuCu-HHTP\/CF. Dark field fluorescence images showed that the cells remained basically viable after 6 hours of incubation with RuCu-HHTP\/CF (Figure 4A). In addition, using a standard cell counting kit, the cell viability remained above 90% after 12 hours of incubation with RuCu-HHTP\/CF. These qualitative and quantitative analyses indicate that the RuCu-HHTP\/CF microelectrode has good biocompatibility.<\/span><\/p>\n

The microelectrode was placed near the cells (Figure 4B) to stimulate the release of H\u2082S from living cells (Figure 4C). The results confirmed that the enhanced amperometric current response originated from H\u2082S secreted by living cells, while the cell-free control group showed no current response (Figure 4D). Similarly, the correlation between the amperometric current response and H\u2082O\u2082 generation was observed (Figure 4E). The quantitative results obtained from multiple cells using wireless microfluidic electrochemical sensors combined with RuCu-HHTP\/CF microelectrodes revealed differences in H\u2082S and H\u2082O\u2082 release across different types of cancer cells. Notably, tumor cells produced higher levels of H\u2082S and H\u2082O\u2082 compared to normal cells. This positive correlation has significant potential in cancer diagnosis and biomedical research.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"Figure 4. (A) Fluorescence images of different cells detected using calcein-AM\/PI; (B) Super-resolution digital microscopy images of RuCu-HHTP\/CF microelectrodes monitoring living cells; (C) Schematic diagram of stimulating living cells to secrete H\u2082S and H\u2082O\u2082; (D) Current response of RuCu-HHTP\/CF to L-cys and PAG with and without cells added to the solution under 0.25V; (E) Current response of RuCu-HHTP\/CF to fMLP and catalase with and without cells added to the solution under 0.7V; (F) Histogram of the relative increase in current associated with H\u2082S and H\u2082O\u2082 released by different cells; (G) Digital photos of different CRC anatomical tissues and electrochemical microfluidic sensing system embedded in tumor tissues; (H) Histogram of the relative current response of H\u2082S and H\u2082O\u2082 secreted by CRC tissues before and after 1 hour of chemotherapy.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Reference:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Xu, Yun et al. “Bimetal-organic framework-integrated electrochemical sensor for on-chip detection of H2S and H2O2 in cancer tissues.” Biosensors & bioelectronics vol. 260 (2024): 116463. doi:10.1016\/j.bios.2024.116463<\/span><\/p>\n

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One-Stop Microfluidic Solutions<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Microfluidics-Based Analysis in Cancer Detection<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Droplet Generator and Flow Chemistry<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Reactive sulfur species (RSS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely related to the physiological and pathological processes of redox reactions and oxidative stress. Hydrogen sulfide (H\u2082S), a reactive sulfur species, hasRead More…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":402,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/microfluidics.creative-biolabs.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/401"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/microfluidics.creative-biolabs.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/microfluidics.creative-biolabs.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microfluidics.creative-biolabs.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microfluidics.creative-biolabs.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=401"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/microfluidics.creative-biolabs.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/401\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":408,"href":"https:\/\/microfluidics.creative-biolabs.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/401\/revisions\/408"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microfluidics.creative-biolabs.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/402"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/microfluidics.creative-biolabs.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=401"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microfluidics.creative-biolabs.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=401"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/microfluidics.creative-biolabs.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=401"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}